The Indian legal framework evolved on DNA evidence in paternity cases. Initially, protecting legitimacy, courts like Goutam Kundu restricted tests. However, later rulings (Nandlal Wasudeo Badwaik) allowed them when scientific proof was crucial. The K.S. Puttaswamy privacy judgment introduced a tripartite test: legality, legitimate aims, and proportionality. Consequently, post-2017, courts order DNA tests as a last resort if paternity is directly disputed, no other evidence resolves it, and it serves justice. This ensures a balanced pursuit of truth while respecting individual rights and bodily autonomy, positioning DNA testing as a proportionate and necessary tool.