Uttar Pradesh saw 16 million more women employed, largely in self-employed animal rearing, particularly dairy farming, over eight years. While overall women's employment surged, non-farm work in industry and services accounts for only a modest share. The authors highlight concern that only 10% of working-age women are in these higher-paying sectors. Even educated young women face limited non-farm opportunities. For true socio-economic upliftment, UP needs significantly more factory and service-sector jobs, alongside crucial infrastructure like safe working women's hostels, to prevent educated women from being aged out of the non-farm workforce.