NPCI will introduce a 0.4% fee (MDR) on UPI person-to-merchant transactions over Rs 2,000 (capped Rs 300) from October 15. A flat Rs 5 fee applies to specific public services; the Finance Ministry advises against passing costs to consumers. Despite opposition criticism alleging consumer harm, the author strongly supports this. Criticism is unfounded, noting most transactions are below Rs 2,000 and P2P payments exempt. This "balanced approach" ensures UPI's sustainable revenue, fostering investment, competition, and better service.