Summaries by Nilesh Gupta, Manish Sabharwal

India's pharma, a microcosm of its science ecosystem, lags China significantly in innovation. Despite excelling in generics, India produced only ten new drugs in the last decade. To become a drug-discovery powerhouse, five vectors are crucial: streamlining regulation for speed/ethics, strengthening university-industry ties with technology transfer, boosting R&D capital/talent via financial innovation/diaspora, promoting collaboration among stakeholders, and ensuring predictable public procurement for early markets. This imperative transformation is vital for India's global scientific standing and prosperity.